Ibm Research Paper - 1565 Words

Research Paper MBA620 Dr. Martelli Shiyi Lu 18 Oct 2013 The company I chose is IBM. IBMs organizational structure is typical of multi-product or multi-business companies. In this article I will through three ways to analyze that company. There is company’s background, employment, issued facing the company. * Background â€Å"Since its inception, IBM has been a company that defined itself not by particular products, technologies or leaders, but by persistent values.† (IBM, 2012) [1]. Throughout IBM’s 101 years development history: ‘think’ is not just a word to lead the company today. It becomes the culture of IBM, even the company’s mission is changed, and even their values are more clearly and more successfully today. Because of†¦show more content†¦Each position in the sequence can also have branch more professional. Technical position sequence system should provide a clear path, the technician can maximize the climb to higher step and provide the possibility for technical positions with senior management, such as technical director, chief engineer. Technical position is same like management system can be developed to high-level occupation career path. 2) Knowledge and skills training system Knowledge and skills training system is based on the Position of sequence system and carry out effective training for technical personnel at different levels. This training system can help the professional and technical personnel to obtain the corresponding resources and systematic training into the next step. 3) Authentication and identification of IT IBM is a basic on IT Servers Company. The authentication and identification are becoming the way for technical staff’s career development channel. Professional and technical personnel research; summarize, architecture and design and other high-end skills, these are important to develop technical staff occupation career skills. These skills need to get the certification and Accreditation. Experts certificate to ensure the quality and the certification authority. 4) Non technical training In the most developed countries, outstanding professional andShow MoreRelatedCultural Constraints in Management by G. Hofstede904 Words   |  4 PagesA Critical Review of Hofstede, G. 1993, Cultural Constraints in Management Theories, The Executive, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 81-94. There have been many research and studies on the national cultures and its consequences on management theories by numerous researchers. Of those many, ‘Cultural constraints on management theories,’ by Hofstede (1993) is one that has been talked about by most scholars. He strongly claimed that management is a function of culture and that culture influences the way managersRead MoreInclusion Body Myositis ,or IBM, is one of many muscle diseases known as inflammatory myopathies,900 Words   |  4 PagesMyositis ,or IBM, is one of many muscle diseases known as inflammatory myopathies, which causes slowly progressing muscular atrophy and weakness(NINDS IBM ,2014,para 1). Let it be known that in this paper, I shall define IBM, give it’s symptoms and signs, as well as whether or not it is related to birth defects, trauma or age related pathology. A prognosis and diagnosis , for said disease, will be given ; as well as , whether or not it is treatable. 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Executive Summary The purpose of this case study analysis is to analyze the situation of IBM in the 1990s, to come up with possible mutually exclusive alternatives for IBM’s management and ultimately, to recommend a possible strategy to regain back IBM’s throne in the industry. The problem of the case study is all about the survival of IBM in a much more competitive market ever encountered by the company. And also, overcoming newRead MoreGlobal C Suite Programme On Corporate Executives Essay1475 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION A recent study conducted by IBM under its Global C-suite programme on corporate executives revealed that a comparatively low percentage of New Zealand business hold that they understand their customers (IBM Global Business Services, 2014). According to the study, only sixteen percent of top corporate executives (CEOs, CFOs, COOs and other C-level executives) in New Zealand believe that they understand their clients or consumers. The figure is relatively low if compared to the globalRead MoreEssay The Advancement of Computers 1453 Words   |  6 Pagesold movie film to store his programs and data for the Z3, instead of using paper tape or punched cards; but unfortunately paper was in short supply in Germany during the war (2). Also Zuse was unable to convince the Nazi government to support his work for a computer based on electronic valves, the Germans assumed they were close to winning the War and thought that they had no need to support any of Zuse’s further research in com puter technology (2). Unfortunately for Zuse his Z1 through Z3 modelsRead MoreIs Talent Management an Effective HR Approach?768 Words   |  3 Pagescompanies now spend over a third of their revenues on employee wages and benefits (Wellins, Smith, Erker, 2012). In 2007, ‘The Hackett Group’, a strategic advisory firm, produced research recognising the congruence between ‘developing and retaining a talented workforce’ and company performance (ADP, 2010). Their research states, â€Å"Companies with top-quartile talent management outperformed typical companies across four standard financial metrics† (ADP, 2010). ‘They generated EBITDA (earnings beforeRead MoreIbm Corporation : My Developerworks Case Study1698 Words   |  7 Pages (IBM Corporation, 2014) Title – IBM Corporation: My developerWorks Case Study Date – 9/15/2014 Name – Pawankumar Sharma CRITICAL FACTS: †¢ International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is an American integrated technology and consulting company founded by Thomas J. Watson and Charles R. Flint on June 16, 1911. (IBM Corporation , 2014) †¢ Headquartered in Armonk, New York. (IBM Corporation , 2014) †¢ IBM is a 400,000 strong employee organization working with clients in 170 countries thus making

Shortcuts to Nursing Entrance Essay Samples That Only the Experts Know About

Shortcuts to Nursing Entrance Essay Samples That Only the Experts Know About The 30-Second Trick for Nursing Entrance Essay Samples It is essential for potential nursing students to know there are important elements required to compose the ideal admission essay to get into nursing school. When you feel as though your nursing essay is what it should be, it's the high time to place it in the necessary shape. Actually, essay writing skills do not have anything to do with nursing skills in any way. The nursing school essay introduction is the most essential part. You may be applying for nursing school with a very low GPA or following you dropped from the very first nursing school just two or three months in. Some applicants would rather have a nursing school since it features a superior nursing program while some have a reason to desire to join a school. When you submit an application for a nursing program, an admission essay is important as a result of it the location where applicants write about themselves and the explanations for eagerness to be a nurse. You shouldn't leave out illustrations of what you've been doing in preparations to join the nursing program. You are able to receive a complete collection of specialist nursing organizations at Nurse.org. Nursing school essay examples are wholly researched and offer you a notion which our services are extremely dependable. In the event the nursing school wants a maximum of 3 pages, write the most of 3 pages. Even in case you don't have an ideal grade track record, it doesn't indicate that you aren't likely to enter the program. The instructors are those which are likely to teach you and they won't be grading you on your healthcare understanding. Lies You've Been Told About Nursing Entrance Essay Samples Mind that nursing school essays are typically required to obey the MLA format. Empathy in nursing is a superb quality to get. If faculty can't understand what you're attempting to say, you won't succeed on the assignments. The research papers handle the outcomes of a particul ar investigation and the findings and could call for intensive dedications and efforts to accomplish the completion stage. The sort of essay you're looking for will be provided to you within the deadline offered to you. Then have a trustworthy friend or colleague read your essay too. The ideal thing about us is that each time you can buy original essay papers for sale. Then the ideal way is set a request I will need to acquire essay papers written. 1 component of the nursing course that maynot be overlooked is writing essays. Every achievement is well worth mentioning, however small or irrelevant it may appear to your application's essay, as long as it's work or school related, it should discover a way to your application with fluidity. Highlight the things you wish to have in your essay, summarize your own personal story and incorporate your qualifications. Write about an intriguing issue about your life to coincide with the objective of your admission essay that could be to persuade or inform. You are able to get nursing application essay examples at inexpensive prices from us. The essay isn't only about the content but about other vital components that let the admission board know that students are intent on entering their programs and they will be valuable assets too. The admission essay may also be a narrow focus on a certain place. When you make a nursing application essay, you need to be somewhat convincing and cr eative to be able to impress the admissions committee and become accepted. Now you can get genuine college essay online, one that is going to fit your financial plan and get your work done too. A seasoned professional knows the peculiarities of writing a nursing school application essay and will give the very best high quality piece of writing that meets all the required requirements. Getting a chance to train and make a degree is only one part of the dreams. You are able to easily depend on us to find essay help as we have a tendency to assist and guide the students with the assistance of our professional experts.

Second Grade Experience free essay sample

During my second year in elementary school, due to the fact that I was doing so horribly in my grades, my parents decided to send me back to El Salvador to bring up my grades. In El Salvador, I lived with my grandma, my cousins, my great aunts and uncles, and most of my family. The schools in El Salvador were so much more different than the schools in America. Since El Salvador is a poor country, the schools couldn’t afford to serve lunch and the houses were much smaller. In America, most kids did not really walk or play outside; they were usually kept locked up in their room, sipping on juice and watching tv. But the kids in El Salvador; they knew how to live their life with meaning. Every single day, as I made more and more friends, I would go to the soccer field and play games outside. We will write a custom essay sample on Second Grade Experience or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We would play tag, soccer, baseball, soft ball; pretty much any kind of sport you could imagine. The soccer fields in El Salvador were the place where I, eventually, learned to play softball. Softball is like baseball but is usually referred to as, â€Å"baseball but for girls. † After learning how to play softball, I decided to join a small softball team that was formed in my second grade class of elementary school. Being on that team, allowed me to be at the fields even more and taught me to love the sport. The idea of fresh air, blue skies, grass stains, balls, and bats made me excited and energetic. Every time I hit the ball with my bat, I ran as fast as my legs could take me, striving to reach the home plate and score a point for my team. Running on the fields all day and hanging out with friends, giggling at our innocent, naive quirks and remarks gave my childhood, memories of freedom and promise. I now look at life like a baseball diamond; you just have to hit the ball and keep running until you finally reach home plate and win. Second Grade Experience free essay sample During my second year in elementary school, due to the fact that I was doing so horribly in my grades, my parents decided to send me back to El Salvador to bring up my grades. In El Salvador, I lived with my grandma, my cousins, my great aunts and uncles, and most of my family. The schools in El Salvador were so much more different than the schools in America. Since El Salvador is a poor country, the schools couldn’t afford to serve lunch and the houses were much smaller. In America, most kids did not really walk or play outside; they were usually kept locked up in their room, sipping on juice and watching tv. But the kids in El Salvador; they knew how to live their life with meaning. Every single day, as I made more and more friends, I would go to the soccer field and play games outside. We will write a custom essay sample on Second Grade Experience or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We would play tag, soccer, baseball, soft ball; pretty much any kind of sport you could imagine. The soccer fields in El Salvador were the place where I, eventually, learned to play softball. Softball is like baseball but is usually referred to as, â€Å"baseball but for girls. † After learning how to play softball, I decided to join a small softball team that was formed in my second grade class of elementary school. Being on that team, allowed me to be at the fields even more and taught me to love the sport. The idea of fresh air, blue skies, grass stains, balls, and bats made me excited and energetic. Every time I hit the ball with my bat, I ran as fast as my legs could take me, striving to reach the home plate and score a point for my team. Running on the fields all day and hanging out with friends, giggling at our innocent, naive quirks and remarks gave my childhood, memories of freedom and promise. I now look at life like a baseball diamond; you just have to hit the ball and keep running until you finally reach home plate and win.

Literary Analysis of Lord of the Flies free essay sample

Many elements have the ability to interfere with our humanity and civilization. One element in 2013 that can change our humanity is technology. As Einstein once said, â€Å"I fear the day when the technology overlaps with our humanity. The world will only have a generation of idiots. † In The Lord of the Flies, William Golding shows us through the symbols of Jack Merridew and the Conch Shell that the desire to have power and instant gratification surpasses the importance of a civilization. Technology in the hands of people may surpass the importance of a civilization. Jack Merridew is an ignorant yet intimidating 12-year old boy with a desire to be the most powerful and get everything the easy way. He becomes uncivilized and ends up wanting the easiest forms of satisfaction he can get. The hunters are at Jack’s beck and call. With his casual, bitter tone, Jack says to the hunters, â€Å"I’m going up to the mountain to look for the beast – now. We will write a custom essay sample on Literary Analysis of Lord of the Flies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Coming? † (Golding 119). The boys forget their urge to do anything but listen to him. Jack preys on their fears which fuel his desire for power. Their conspicuous fear makes him crave the power even more and gives him immediate satisfaction. The ritual dances that the hunters and Jack engage in with the white and red face paint â€Å"hide the chief’s blush† (Golding 161). Hiding his features gives Jack the feeling of more power and control. When Jack demands that the boys â€Å"take the fire from the others and hunt and get meat†, his lust for power shines through (Golding 161). Exploiting other people’s resources gives him the feeling of satisfaction; Jack wants the fire the easy way rather than making his own. Similar to Jack’s desire for power and his mentality of getting everything the easy way is technology in our world today. Technology gives instant gratification to many people just like Jack’s control, power, and exploitation over other people give him instant gratification. Jack’s desire for power is fueled by the hunters listening to everything he says. The Conch Shell represents law and order, civilization, and authority, and it is surpassed by Jack’s desire for power. The shell is utilized in the ‘meetings’ that the boys have. Piggy takes a hold of the conch and declares â€Å"I got the conch. I got the conch, ain’t I Ralph? I got a right to speak† (Golding 45). Jack and the ignorant hunters â€Å"start to giggle and shriek with laughter† (Golding 45). Jack’s lust for power and satisfaction is revealed, and it makes the conch seem unimportant and futile. While Jack and the hunters are ritual dancing, â€Å"the conch is smashed to powder† (Golding 186). The symbol of law and order, civilization, and authority is destroyed. The smashing of the conch symbolizes how useless a civilization is to Jack and his followers. In our world today, technology, like the desire for power, can make a civilization less important. The immediate answers, results, etc. that we receive from technology can make us forget what a civilization is, similar to how Jack’s desire for power and instant gratification causes him to forget the importance of a civilization. The desire for power and instant gratification, symbolized by Jack Merridew, surpasses the importance of a civilization in William Golding’s The Lord of the Flies. The conch symbolizes what a civilization is, but Jack’s desire for power and immediate satisfaction of his needs becomes more important than having a civilization. The conch shell is completely insignificant to Jack and the hunters. The symbol of Jack illustrates that there are many elements that have the ability to interfere not only with our humanity, but with our civilization as well. Sometimes our humanity itself cannot save us from fervent desires that can cause the failure of something very important like a civilization. In our world today, the instant gratification that technology gives us can make us forgetful of what truly matters in life. Similarly, Jack’s desire for power and satisfaction causes him to forget the importance of a civilization.

Guide to Using SAT Practice Tests 20 Hour Prep

Guide to Using SAT Practice Tests 20 Hour Prep SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips It's important to learn how to use official SAT practice tests as study resources because they will give you the most accurate reading of what to expect on the real SAT. If you only have twenty hours to prepare, this guide will teach you how to use practice tests to your best advantage within that limited time. I'll walk you through why SAT practice tests are important and how you can use a step by step twenty hour plan to get the most out of them. Why Are SAT Practice Tests a Good Tool for Short-Term Prep? Practice tests can be very helpful if you only have a short time to prepare for the SAT.You’ll experience larger point gains through enhancing yourunderstanding of the overall format of the test than you would through focusing solely on specific content issues.Practice tests will introduce you to the time constraints and question types you’ll see on the real test, so you’ll be prepared to deal with the time pressure and confusing wording that tends to stump students who have less experience with the SAT. The benefits of practice tests increase even further if you can evaluate your mistakes accurately and take steps to fix them.Although you don’t have much time, higher level weaknesses in test-taking strategy can be fixed relatively quickly.Practice tests give you the power to recognize these weaknesses and take simple steps to eliminate them. How to Prep for the SAT in 20 Hours Using Practice Tests Here's a step-by-step guide to using practice tests in a twenty hour study plan. You can adjust the times to your personal needs, but this plan provides a rough outline of how to go about the process of taking practice tests and evaluating your mistakes. Step 1: Take a Baseline Test (4 Hours) You will need to take an initial practice test to see where you stand score-wise and diagnose your weaknesses.Make sure that you use the appropriate time constraints and set yourself up in a quiet environment.You should also print out the test so that you can simulate realistic testing conditions. Print out this picture and give it to your family when you're taking an SAT practice test. Step 2: Analyze and Fix Your Mistakes (4 Hours) Now that you’ve taken a practice test, you can look at your incorrect answers to figure out your biggest problems.You won’t have time to fix all of your issues on the test in this short study period, but you can tackle some of the most common mistakes at a higher level. Take note of whether you messed up on certain sections in particular.If you find that you had a lot of difficulty on one part of the test, you should devote some time to figuring out what went wrong and how you can fix it.There may be a few different issues that need addressing if you hope to raise your scores significantly. Here are a couple of scenarios you might encounter and some short-term strategies for improving your performance. Running Out of Time If running out of time is an issue for you, you will be able to improve your performance through greater familiarity with the test material and smarter test-taking strategies.Do you tend to get stuck on difficult questions? On your next practice test, skip any question that you can’t figure out within 30 seconds on the Reading and Writing sections or within a minute on the Math section.You shouldn’t waste too much time struggling on hard questions. If you do, you run the risk of missing easier questions at the end of the section and losingmajor points! If you’re running into problems with time on the Reading section, you might try switching up your strategy.Most students instinctively read the passages on the SAT closely, but this can lead to time issues if you’re a slower reader.Try skimming the passages instead (read the introduction and conclusion paragraphs and the first and last sentences of each body paragraph).You should be able to answer most questions just by skimming, and it will save you a ton of time.If you find that you don't know the answer to a question, you can always go back and read specific parts of the passage more closely. Another method that might work for you is skipping the passage altogether and heading straight for the questions.On the SAT, you’re given line numbers for most of the passage-based reading questions, so you can just read the lines indicated in the questions rather than the entire passage. For more strategies to combat time management issues on the SAT, see these articles with tips for how to stop running out of time on Reading and Math. Ah, time, the forever-ticking demon that haunts us all. Careless Mistakes If you made a lot of careless mistakes, you might be rushing or not reading the questions closely enough. Acareless mistake is an incorrect answer to a question that should have been easy for you.It might be a result of misreading what the question was asking for or being overly confident and not thinking it through. Issues with careless mistakes can be fixed through more practice testing (yay!) and awareness of your time management.Careless mistakes are also easy to spot if you double check your answers for each section. You should make a point of doing this if you have any extra time at the end! Question Misunderstandings Did you find that you genuinely misunderstood some of the questions on the test? If you're running into these types of mistakes, you should continue to practice similar questions. Make sure you fully understand why the correct answer makes sense.Once you know the solution, try working through the question or problem on your own to see where you might have gone wrong.This strategy will help train your brain to handle similar questions in the future. Lack of Content Knowledge Since you don’t have very much time, gaps in your content knowledge aren’t going to be easy to fill.If there are minor things you don’t know (such as a mathematical formula or grammar rule that you need to memorize), you can review them before the next practice test.If you’re struggling with an entire content area, like functions or geometry, you might not have enough time to fix those problems.Focus on surface-level content issues to maximize your point gains in this short time window. Make sure you're content with your content knowledge. For more tips on how to review your mistakes, check out this article.You might not be able to comb meticulously through all the questions you got wrong, but there are some useful strategies that can still be implemented by students who are pressed for time. Step 3: Repeat Steps 1 and 2 (8 Hours) Now that you’ve reviewed your mistakes and tried to fix most of the issues you had on the last test, you can take another practice test to see whether you’ve improved.Go through the same process with this test as you did on the previous one.If you find that you’ve improved significantly, that’s a good sign! You may be making different types of mistakes now, so it’s worth it to do another analysis. If you didn’t improve, you should consider how you went through the process of fixing your mistakes on the first test and whether you need to implement different strategies. Step 4: Take a Final Practice Test (4 Hours) After reviewing and fixing your mistakes on the second practice test, you should take a final test to prepare for the real SAT.You can take this practice test a couple of days before your test date. Make sure you keep all the strategies in mind that you developed from reviewing your other practice tests, and don’t change your methods between now and the real SAT. Total Time: 20 Hours! Wahoo! You did it! Will 20 Hours Be Enough for Me? Depending on how much you need to improve, 20 hours might be more than enough time, but it's not an ideal amount of prep time for students who are looking for significant score improvements on the SAT.You should start preparing earlierif you hope to raise your scores by more than 200 points or are looking for a perfect score. If you're hoping to improve by 300 points or so, you may be looking at 80 hours of studying as a more realistic amount of time. Take a look at this article on how long you should study for the SAT for more information. You can also read some of these resources to learn more about why your studying for the SAT now will pay off in the future. That being said, anyone can make moderate improvements in twenty hours if she'shonest about hermistakes and takes practice tests under realistic testing conditions.If you’re new to the SAT, you will probably see some big changes in your scores from the first practice test to the third.As a general rule, however, starting your studying earlier will be better for your mental health and your performance on the test! What's Next? Worried about low SAT scores? Here are some prep and test-taking strategies specifically targeted towards low scorers that will help you improve! Do you have procrastination issues when it comes to SAT prep? Find out how to combat procrastination in preparing for standardized tests. If you have a bit more time on your hands and want to learn how to get the best scores possible, read PrepScholar's ultimate guide to SAT prep. Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points?We have the industry's leading SAT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and SAT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so you get the most effective prep possible. Check out our 5-day free trial today: Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Samantha Lindsay About the Author Samantha is a blog content writer for PrepScholar. Her goal is to help students adopt a less stressful view of standardized testing and other academic challenges through her articles. Samantha is also passionate about art and graduated with honors from Dartmouth College as a Studio Art major in 2014. In high school, she earned a 2400 on the SAT, 5's on all seven of her AP tests, and was named a National Merit Scholar. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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Chinese Popular Culture Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Chinese Popular Culture - Term Paper Example Included in pop culture are comic books, cheap newspapers such as tabloids, radio soap operas, crass television game shows, paperback novels, and shallow reality shows. The Chinese have a distinct pop culture characterized by the mix of ideas, social practices, lifestyle trends, and other mass-appeal attractions. Pop culture can sometimes gain legitimacy in normal society to become acceptable. Chinese pop culture is a thread that binds the masses of Chinese society to give them a unified sense of identity. Discussion The Chinese civilization is the world's oldest continuously existing civilization dating back five thousand years ago. As such, it has undergone several changes over this long period; popular tastes varied tremendously as years went by. However, there are a few things which make the Chinese civilization unique, among which are its cultural practices rooted in Confucian ethics, a deep respect for elders and filial obedience, and a single language based on a writing system that made it possible to have a unified Chinese identity. The one person who made all this possible was Emperor Shihuangdi (259-210 BCE) who built the now world-famous Great Wall of China, created the world's first civil service bureaucracy, the first centralized government administration, introduced coinage, unified all of China, mandated the use of only one language based on a uniform set of characters in the Chinese writing system, and still fascinates the world today with his vast terra-cotta army in his giant burial compound with some 8,000+ life-sized warriors, 400 horses, and 100 chariots to serve as â€Å"spirit army† in the afterlife, truly an enduring legacy of his dynastic rule to last â€Å"10,000 generations,† but sadly, this empire collapsed within four years after his death. Despite his short-lived empire, the various reforms he introduced survived until this day. Even in modern times, his achievements still define the Chinese cultural heritage in terms of what it means to be Chinese, an identity that endures because of universal standards in Chinese laws, written language, weights, measures, and protocols adopted by all succeeding dynasties (Muller 2) and which the present Communist rulers of China are using to help restore the Chinese pride in themselves, after two centuries being under foreign colonial powers. Emperor Qin Shihuangdi set the tone of what was pop culture with the adoption of a comprehensive set of laws, known in Chinese history as legalism, which mandated all things that can be done and cannot be done (Guo 23); although its implementation period was brief, from 221-206 BCE only, it played a key role in shaping traditional pop culture. It was a basis for government control of the whole of China in subsequent years, and continues even today. Legalism has a lingering influence because it determined the laws of the land; people of the lower classes knew what was allowed and not allowed. It was supplanted by other ide ologies and religions such as Daoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism. Legalism was the main popular cultural ideology in ancient China, designed to exert control over the peasants; China was once primarily an agricultural economy and legalism governed all aspects of social life. Emperor Qin Shih

Philosphy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Philosphy - Essay Example The difference must be made between the case of Osma Bin Laden, and a murder case occasioned by an instant passion. Death Penalty should be abandoned. However, the time for the idea to get realized would be decided by healthy social conditions. Theories of Punishment In its Hammurabi’s sense the retribution stands for letting punishment fit the crime as eye for an eye, or hand for a hand, or life for a life. There is no place in this conception for replacing the consequence of crime with any thing other than the nature of committed crime. For Utilitarians, however, punishment should look for consequences resulting through the incurring of punishment. The Utilitarians put forward Deterrent and Reformative punishment theories. Deterrent means to punish others in order to deter from committing crime. It may be expressed in a dictum of a judge, â€Å"you are not punished for stealing sheep, but in order that sheep may not be stolen (Mackenzie 374).† This theory is oppressiv e in nature and considers human being as a thing. The Reformative theory of punishment emphasizes on changing the structure and thought of human being, compulsory volunteer service and social services are the examples of this theory. Retribution as connection between Punishment and Guilt Retributive theory of punishment aims to make a return of a man’s deed upon his own head. For Mackenzie, the aim of Retribution is to make it apparent that the evil consequences of his acts are not merely evils to others, but evils in which he is himself involved. Retributive theory therefore emphasizes upon facing the similar consequences as that of the committed crime. Being different from the other two theories, and often interpreted in its literal meaning, the important meanings of this theory remain hidden. The aim of retribution is to make connection between punishment and guilt, that is, to develop a sense of guilt regarding the crime. Retribution as expression of Moral outrage There i s an aspect and meaning of retribution that becomes operative in certain situation in order to try to answer the question whether some social phenomenon should be punished because it is violating the moral order of the society? Morality works upon the defined and prevailed conception of human being and the owned world-view, this may include religious position. The retributive theory, understood in its literal sense, may operate to curb the increase of a social phenomenon endangering the social moral order, and thus may operate as a utilitarian principle. For example, the increase of the crime rate in juvenile may trigger an operation against such groups to keep control of social moral order. Popular Instinct Retribution may be seen through the upsurge of popular instinct. In this situation, the need to go deep into the reality, and placing event within discursive world, does not play a role. The popular instincts decide retributively the punishment for the crime. For example, a rape of a female in a village may invoke a popular reaction that results into a strict punishment. In this situation, no other shade of retribution will be looked upon. Purely retributive justification It is difficult to understand the concept pure, as it may mean going back directly to Hammurabi’s literal intention and may mean understanding retribution only in the sense of an eye for an eye and